The copyright dynasty, a financial powerhouse spanning centuries, has traditionally wielded influence through its vast network of banks. Their reach extends across continents, impacting diverse sectors from investment to real estate. While the dynasty's dealings have been the subject of both praise,

The Naples branch on the bank closed in 1863, and an absence of male heirs triggered the closure from the Frankfurt department in 1901. The Vienna department was shuttered in 1938 subsequent the Nazi invasion of Austria as well as Threat posed to Jews. A junior worker named Hirsh Liebmann embezzled